If the device was an unactivated phone it might have locked onto Telus/Koodo as it was the first sim in the phone. New unactivated Rogers/Fido iPhones usually lock to the first sim inserted into them upon activation. Simply put, an original unactivated Rogers iPhone will lock to Fido (if Fido is first in and vice versa) and you can't use a Rogers sim until unlocked. I know they are the same network but Rogers/Fido iPhones have been like this for a long time.
Now having said that it doesn't explain why it would be locked to Telus but one way to test it would be to put a Rogers sim in and if it goes to the activation screen and says the sim is invalid then it is indeed locked to the Telus system as it works on Public.
If if that is the case I would call apple back and tell them they made the mistake and ask for an unlocked phone. You should have a receipt from Rogers if unlocked from them as proof. If you used a third party such as off of eBay I would still call Apple and ask for assistance.
As previously stated @ckl
The other option is to make a backup via iCloud or iTunes and simply restore to factory but make sure you have a foreign sim (see below) installed so that the unlock congratulations come up on the iTunes screen. Then simply restore the phone from the backup that you just made. This is the official way of unlocking the iPhone as most telephone companies say to do this but in my experience you just need to insert a foreign sim (other than the network it was originally locked to) and once it has data via cellular/wifi it will briefly go to the apple logo and then back to whatever screen you were using and it's unlocked.
As for the *#06# is for the imei of the phone. Instead of reading it off of settings or the back of the phone and sim tray for older iPhone models. The i6s doesn't have the imei on the back cover of the phone like previous generations.
