I purchased a new phone (Samsung Galaxy S20 FE 5G). After a full factory reset and inserting my old SIM, I am able to send and receive texts but not calls. I turned off wifi to ensure texts weren't just going through wifi but it's definitely MMS.
I was able to try another SIM but with no luck. But I took it into a repair facility, and they were able to locate the issue, which was a broken antenna! Thanks again for all your help.
I'll be trying another SIM as soon as possible! Unfortunately I'm only around Apple people at the moment. All updates and security patches are fresh and the phone is not rooted.